Evolution Of Intel

INTEL SERIES 4004 

1.  The first commercially available Microprocessor was the Intel 4004 produced in 1971. •
2.  It contained 2300 PMOS transistors. • 
3. The 4004 was a 4 bit device intended to be used with some other devices in making a calculator. 
4. In 1972 Intel came out with the 8008,which was capable of working with 8 bit words.

8008 

• The 8008, however required 20 or more additional devices to form a functional CPU.  
• In 1974 Intel announced the 8080, which had a much larger instruction set than the 8008 and required only two additional devices to form a functional CPU. 
• The 8080 used NMOS transistor, so it operated much faster than the 8008  
• The 8080 is referred as a Second generation Microprocessor. 
• It requires +5V,-5V and +12V supply.

 8085 

•  In 1977, Intel Produced 8085, an upgrade of 8080 that required only a +5V supply 
•  It was a 8 bit Microprocessor

8088 

• Intel Produced 8088, which was the first Microprocessor used in Personal computer by IBM. 
• It has 16 bit registers and an 8 bit data bus and can address up to 1 million bytes of internal memory. 

8086 

•  In 1978 Intel came out with the 8086 which is a full 16 bit Microprocessor. 
•  It has a 16 bit data bus and runs faster. 
•  It can address 220 or 1048576 memory locations.

80286 

• Runs faster than the preceding processors, has additional capabilities and can address up to 16 million bytes.
• This processor can operate in real mode or in protected mode, which enables an operating system like windows to perform multitasking and to protect them from each other.

80386 

• Has 32 bit registers and 32bit data bus. 
• It can address up to 4 billion bytes of memory. 
•  The processor supports virtual mode, whereby it can swap portions of memory onto disk. 

80486 

• Has 32 bit registers and 32 bit data bus. 
• High speed cache memory connected to the processor bus enables the processor to store copies of the most recently used instructions and data. 
• The processor can operate faster when using the cache directly without having to access the slower memory.

PENTIUM 

• It has 32 bit registers, a 64 bit data bus and separate caches for data and for memory. 
• The Pentium has a 5 Stage pipelined structure and the Pentium II has a 12 stage super pipelined structure. This feature enables them to run many operations in parallel.